On July 5, 2025, Syria reaffirmed its commitment to deliver Iraq's agreed share of the Euphrates River amid declining river flows and ongoing drought conditions.

Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani recently announced agreements with Turkiye and Syria aimed at increasing water discharges, specifically targeting the Mosul Dam and ensuring flow through Syria.

Iraq is grappling with severe water shortages exacerbated by climate change, low rainfall, and upstream management by Turkiye and Iran, with a 2022 World Bank report estimating that $233 billion will be needed by 2040 for essential development and climate adaptation.

A 2025 assessment revealed that nearly 30 percent of Iraq's productive farmland has been lost over the last thirty years due to drought and water scarcity.

Ahmad al-Kawan, Director of Syria’s General Authority for Water Resources, noted that Iraq receives 58 percent of the Euphrates' volume at the Syrian–Turkish border, while Syria retains 42 percent.

Water to Iraq is channeled through al-Bukamal in eastern Syria, sourced from upstream inflows entering Syria at Jarabulus.

These arrangements signify a commitment to fair distribution and transparent tracking of Euphrates water between Iraq and Syria.

To address these challenges, a joint Iraqi-Syrian committee has been established to monitor water quantities reaching Iraq, with plans to install a modern gauging station at the border.

Under current agreements, Turkiye is required to release an average of more than 500 cubic meters per second and to compensate for any monthly shortfalls in water flow.