A recent study involving 135 multiple myeloma patients over seven years has demonstrated that combining DNA and RNA gene expression tests can accurately predict 84% of early relapses within 18 months, potentially enabling earlier intervention and improved patient outcomes.

This research suggests that integrating both genetic testing methods could significantly enhance diagnosis and management of high-risk myeloma cases.

Starting in 2026, the Royal Marsden Hospital in London will offer gene expression profiling tests to multiple myeloma patients to better understand tumor behavior and tailor treatments accordingly.

While traditional DNA tests detect genetic mutations associated with disease aggressiveness, RNA gene expression tests analyze gene activity in cancer cells, both typically using bone marrow samples.

Experts highlight that combining DNA and RNA testing can reveal hidden relapse risks not identified by DNA alone, allowing for more personalized treatment strategies.

Multiple myeloma is a complex and incurable blood cancer affecting approximately 33,000 people in the UK, with around 6,300 new cases annually, and many patients experience relapse within 18 months of remission.

This research underscores the importance of precision diagnostics in transforming myeloma care by enabling early and accurate prediction of relapse, which can guide more effective treatment decisions.