The DRC has accused Rwanda of arming the M23 and exploiting mineral resources in the eastern region, allegations that Rwanda has consistently denied despite international scrutiny.

Escalating violence has also led to increased sexual violence, particularly against women and children, with armed groups committing grave human rights violations.

Amid these tensions, a U.S. envoy has called for the withdrawal of Rwandan troops from DRC territory to help stabilize the situation.

This latest agreement follows a series of brutal clashes between Congolese forces and Rwandan-backed rebels, making it a significant, albeit cautious, step towards peace.

The DRC government is grappling with military inefficiencies, including corruption and indiscipline, which undermine its ability to effectively combat the M23 insurgency.

The Congolese government and M23 rebels have reached a tentative agreement to pursue a truce following peace talks held in Qatar, marking a significant step towards ending hostilities in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

On April 23, 2025, both parties issued a joint statement affirming their commitment to an immediate cessation of hostilities, a crucial development amid ongoing violence.

The conflict in eastern DRC has intensified since January 2025, with M23 rebels capturing key cities like Goma and Bukavu, leading to thousands of deaths and displacements.

This region is plagued by over 100 armed groups vying for control, contributing to a severe humanitarian crisis that has displaced more than 7 million people.

Concerns about regional stability are heightened by the reported presence of approximately 4,000 Rwandan troops supporting the M23 rebels, raising fears of further advances towards Kinshasa.

Historically, President Félix Tshisekedi has avoided direct negotiations with M23, viewing the group as a proxy for Rwanda, complicating the peace process.

Given the history of violated ceasefires in the region, skepticism remains regarding the durability of this new agreement.