The ultimate goal of the study is to develop individualized training protocols that could help mitigate the risk of ACL injuries based on the different phases of players' menstrual cycles.

In addition to this study, a separate three-year initiative by the Professional Footballers' Association and others is examining environmental factors contributing to ACL injuries.

High-profile injuries to players like Beth Mead, Vivianne Miedema, and Sam Kerr, who faced a 15-month sidelining due to an ACL rupture, have underscored the need for this research.

Senior Lecturer Simon Augustus highlighted the importance of understanding how hormonal changes may increase injury risk due to anatomical and physiological shifts during the menstrual cycle.

A year-long study funded by FIFA will commence in May 2025 at Kingston University in London, focusing on the relationship between hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycles and the incidence of ACL injuries in women's soccer.

The impetus for this research stems from the alarming statistic that female footballers are two to six times more likely to suffer ACL injuries compared to their male counterparts.

Findings from the study could enable coaches to tailor training loads and individual programs according to the different phases of players' menstrual cycles.

The research will specifically track levels of estrogen and progesterone, hormones linked to ligament laxity and slower neuromuscular response times, and correlate these with physical performance data.

Researchers will analyze common scenarios leading to ACL injuries, such as landing mechanics and rapid directional changes, to find potential links to hormonal states.

Starting in June, the study will recruit players from London clubs, including Chelsea and Fulham, for regular blood tests and performance evaluations.

By identifying preventable injury factors, particularly in non-impact situations, the study aims to enhance training protocols through strength training and technique adjustments.

This research represents a significant step towards a more personalized approach in sports science, focusing on the overall profile of the athlete to enhance injury prevention strategies.