In response to these challenges, the Coastal Adaptation and Response Plan was launched on June 5, 2025, to address coastal erosion exacerbated by climate change and inappropriate development.

Narend Singh, the Deputy Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, has highlighted the critical environmental challenges of pollution and coastal erosion impacting marine ecosystems.

Chronic pollution from domestic and industrial wastewater, stormwater, and solid waste is significantly harming South Africa's estuaries and oceans, affecting both ecosystems and human communities.

To combat this, the government regulates wastewater discharge through permits that set effluent limits and require monitoring to protect marine environments.

The government is also enhancing community awareness about environmental protection and sustainable resource management through educational programs in schools.

A recent initiative in KwaZulu-Natal employed 500 participants to clean rivers and streams, preventing litter from entering the ocean and contributing to local environmental conservation efforts.

Communities are encouraged to recognize their role in managing waste and the impact of litter on marine environments, emphasizing individual responsibility for future generations' health.

Plastic pollution remains a primary concern, with waste from river systems and illegal dumping by ships exacerbating the issue and harming coastal ecosystems.

South Africa actively participates in the International Coastal Clean-up Day, contributing to a global database on beach litter and promoting awareness of coastal pollution.

Overall, conservation efforts and reducing carbon footprints are essential for sustainability, mitigating climate change impacts, and protecting ecosystems.

As the G20 president for 2025, South Africa is prioritizing environmental sustainability, particularly focusing on marine spatial planning and reducing marine plastics through international cooperation.

Coastal erosion is a significant issue affecting 60% of KwaZulu-Natal's coastline, with critical areas like Durban's beachfront experiencing land loss and damage to infrastructure.