Bitquery emphasizes their own verification, auditing every coin down to the satoshi and not relying on earlier papers for the conclusion.

Patoshi mining began at block zero on January 3, 2009 and ended around block 54,000 in mid-2010, aligning with Satoshi’s reduced public activity.

Bitquery’s findings reinforce the view that Satoshi’s stash remains largely dormant, fueling discussions on Bitcoin’s decentralization and creator mystery.

Bitquery Research reconstructs the Patoshi mining pattern and estimates Satoshi Nakamoto mined about 1.17 million BTC, the largest figure to date.

Examining the first 54,316 blocks, the analysis assigns roughly 22% of them to a single entity, implying the use of custom mining software by that miner.

Patoshi derives from a privacy flaw in early Bitcoin software that exposed distinctive nonce sequences in coinbase transactions.

There is no cryptographic proof tying Patoshi addresses to Satoshi; the findings remain circumstantial but highly corroborative.

As of September 1, 2026, about 1,023,352 BTC linked to the Patoshi pattern had never moved, with surrounding estimates of 1.096 million BTC in Patoshi-era dormant addresses.

Approximately 99.86% of Satoshi-era BTC has never moved, per Bitquery’s audit as of September 1, 2026.

Bitcoin’s total supply stands at 21 million, about 19.7 million mined; Patoshi coins account for roughly 5% of all Bitcoin that will ever exist.

The reconstruction shows about 99.2% overlap with Lerner’s original Patoshi address lists, supporting the single-dominant-miner hypothesis in Bitcoin’s early era.

Only around 1,550 BTC from the Patoshi pattern has moved, with most moves before 2017; none have met Bitquery’s criteria to be considered Satoshi’s funds since 2020.