Summer 2025 is shaping up to be potentially the warmest since records began in 1884, driven by high-pressure systems, dry ground, and unusually warm seas around the UK, with the highest temperature so far reaching 35.8°C.

Despite four heatwaves this summer with temperatures exceeding 30°C, the heat was less intense and shorter than the 1976 heatwave, which lasted over two weeks with 16 days above 32°C.

Provisional figures from the Met Office indicate that June and July were both significantly above average in temperature, contributing to the overall warmth of the season.

Water shortages and environmental stress have been exacerbated by the drought, with some rivers reaching critical pollution levels and water scarcity expected in about two weeks.

Rainfall has been significantly below average across much of the UK, with only 72% of typical rainfall received by late August, following England's driest spring in over a century and the driest January-July period since 1929.

Forecasts suggest a temporary end to the heatwave with cooler, unsettled weather and showers expected into September, as temperatures are predicted to fall below 20°C.

Unusually high temperatures have persisted, with over 79 days exceeding 20°C, and some Scottish rivers nearing critical water scarcity levels, with shortages expected in about two weeks.

Experts warn that a dry winter could worsen water scarcity and environmental impacts, emphasizing the need for infrastructure adaptation to cope with increased heat and drought conditions.

The prolonged dry conditions have caused drought impacts such as hosepipe bans, early crop harvesting, critical river pollution levels, and wildlife suffering from lack of freshwater.

Northern and western regions, especially Scotland, experienced wetter conditions with thunderstorms and storms like Storm Floris, but most of Scotland remains very dry amid ongoing drought conditions.

UK cereal exports, especially barley, fell significantly in 2024-25 due to high nitrogen levels affecting malting quality, while imports of wheat and maize increased sharply, reaching record levels since 1992.

Rising global temperatures are leading to more frequent and intense weather extremes, including wildfires across Europe, highlighting the broader impacts of climate change.