UN climate talks in Brazil (COP30) ended without a concrete plan to phase out fossil fuels, though funding for adaptation increased, with timelines and impact remaining uncertain.

There is a consensus that action must be brought forward to limit warming and mitigate impacts, with continued efforts across nations.

Analysts and scientists are calling for earlier warnings, new response and recovery approaches, and sustained global action to confront escalating disaster risk, with an emphasis on accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels.

2025 ranks among the three hottest years on record, with a three-year average surpassing the 1.5°C threshold of the Paris Agreement.

Overall assessments indicate that keeping warming to 1.5°C is unlikely, and more aggressive action is required.

The studies emphasize limits of adaptation, as faster-than-expected storm intensification and rapid events strain forecasting and emergency response.

Experts caution that even if 1.5°C is overshot, reversal remains possible with rapid, substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

Experts stress the need to accelerate emission reductions and strengthen early warning and response systems to cope with intensifying extremes.

Despite La Niña cooling, record-high temperatures persist, underscoring the link between emissions and extreme heat.

Extreme events affected large populations and economies, highlighting adaptation limits and forecasting challenges during rapid storms like Hurricane Melissa.

China continues expanding renewables while increasing coal investments, while Europe debates climate action versus economic growth, and the U.S. under Trump shifts toward supporting fossil fuels.

World Weather Attribution links ongoing high global temperatures to human-caused emissions, noting La Niña did not prevent record warmth.