NATO has collectively warned Russia against cyberattacks by APT28 targeting Germany and Czechia's political entities and infrastructure.

The attacks are part of Russia's broader strategy of hybrid warfare aimed at destabilizing liberal democracies and NATO.

APT28, in collaboration with another group, Sandworm, has raised concerns over election interference and possible destructive cyberattacks.

NATO's public statements represent a more assertive approach to countering and deterring Russia's cyber operations.

The focus on the GRU and the use of various aliases by Russian cyber groups indicate the seriousness and complexity of the cybersecurity threat.

NATO's unified stance hints at a possible invocation of Article 5, which treats an armed attack against one member as an attack against all.