The European Commission has recently unveiled the AI Continent Action Plan, marking its largest strategy to enhance technological competitiveness against global powers like China and the U.S.

In response to geopolitical uncertainties, the EU is exploring technological sovereignty through this new AI strategy and a proposed digital infrastructure known as Eurostack.

The Action Plan outlines five primary goals: enhancing AI data and computing infrastructure, improving data access, developing algorithms, fostering AI adoption, and simplifying regulations such as the EU AI Act.

However, analysts like Laura Caroli argue that the Action Plan mainly reinforces existing initiatives without introducing fundamentally new strategies, and its success will hinge on future budget allocations set for 2025.

Critics have expressed concerns that the broad scope of the Action Plan may hinder its effectiveness, particularly regarding the regulatory role of the European Commission in the AI sector.

Rohan Pai from the Aapti Institute warns that Eurostack could exacerbate exclusionary practices against migrants within the EU's digital framework, especially in relation to access to the EU Digital Identity Wallet.

The lack of clarity surrounding the EUDI Wallet project raises concerns that it could further marginalize individuals from non-EU countries, potentially weaponizing digital infrastructure in migration policy.

Moreover, the introduction of Eurostack may extend state control over digital borders, complicating the movement of people and leading to stricter regulations in other areas.

To support these initiatives, the EU has committed 200 billion euros through the InvestAI initiative, which includes a 20 billion euro fund specifically for AI gigafactories, although implementation is expected to take significant time.

Despite these critiques, some industry players, such as Telefónica, view the Action Plan as a pivotal moment for advancing digital sovereignty in Europe.

Ultimately, Eurostack aims to establish a core technology infrastructure that encompasses digital identity, AI, data platforms, semiconductors, networks, and cloud computing, drawing parallels to India's Aadhaar system.