Italy will vote in a nationwide referendum on March 22-23, 2026, to reform the judiciary by separating the career paths of judges and prosecutors, a move seen as a test of support for Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni ahead of the 2027 elections.

The reform would split the Council that oversees appointments and discipline into two self-governing bodies, with members selected by lottery to reduce lobbying influence.

Constitutional changes would codify the autonomy of the magistratura while establishing a clear separation between judges and prosecutors within Article 104.

The reforms face strong opposition from magistrates and the centre-left who fear government control over prosecutors, while supporters argue the changes curb conflicts of interest and political bias.

Meloni advocates separating prosecutors from judges to align Italy with an accusatory system similar to other countries.

The reform also tightens appeals, limiting challenges to the same first-instance tribunal, signaling broader changes to disciplinary and appellate procedures.

Supporters have gathered enough signatures to reach the referendum quorum, with the March dates set for 2026, while turnout remains a point of contention.

Justice Minister Nordio has said there is no rush on the referendum, arguing that informing voters helps turnout and legitimacy.

Parliament approved the reform in October, but a referendum is required because the changes to the constitution demand public approval.

The proposal echoes a long-standing project associated with former premier Berlusconi, though it has never materialized until now.

The reform creates two distinct tracks within the magistracy—judges and public prosecutors—with separate entry routes and no later switching between tracks.

Meloni has dismissed speculation of early elections tied to the referendum outcome and said she would not resign if the referendum loses.