The French Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CCI) have published an initial national assessment of damages and impact on city-center businesses after two weekends of urban violence.

About 2,488 shops were damaged or affected, with roughly 1,000 heavily degraded and 643 still closed.

CCI expect another tense Saturday around October 31, as tensions persist between Yellow Vests protests and Halloween celebrations.

The total cost of damages is still being quantified with France Assureurs, but there is broad agreement on the scale of impact.

CCI president Alain Di Crescenzo said city-center and town-center merchants generate about 100 billion euros in annual revenue, and each weekend of unrest costs roughly 1.5 billion euros in lost turnover due to vandalism, closures, and reduced customer visits.