Governance, competition, and the large informal economy are shaping damages and recovery, underscoring the need for reforms to unlock investment and accelerate rebuilding.

Reconstruction priorities include housing, transport, and energy, while also addressing trade, industry, agriculture, social security, income generation, and explosive remnants disposal.

The report notes that the invasion’s human, socio-economic, and environmental consequences will be felt for generations.

Recovery strategies emphasize human-centered, community-based approaches, including refugee return, veteran reintegration, and expanding women’s labor force participation, with population impact highlighting about 2.4 million fewer children than before the war.

The reconstruction cost for Ukraine is estimated at about 587.7 billion dollars over the next decade, following direct war damage of 195.1 billion dollars accumulated from early 2022 through 2025.

Funding progress includes at least 20 billion dollars raised for urgent repairs since early 2022 and about 88.2 billion dollars in total financial aid received up to mid-January 2026, according to World Bank figures.

Damage assessments cover 46 months from February 2022 to December 2025, with the greatest needs in housing, transport, and energy, concentrated in front-line regions and major urban centers like Kyiv, Donetsk, and Kharkiv.

Private sector could cover roughly 40% of reconstruction needs with targeted reforms to attract investment in agriculture, industry, and tourism.

Recovery hinges not only on capital but also on social factors such as refugee return, veteran reintegration, and women’s participation in the labor force, all of which will influence the pace of recovery.

Private investment and reforms are expected to play a key role, with the EU pushing private funds via the Ukraine Investment Framework and reforms through the Ukraine Plan to attract investment and advance EU membership prospects.

Reconstruction costs will fall on future generations, and Western allies have mobilized over 400 billion dollars in aid since the invasion began, much of it supporting wartime needs rather than reconstruction.

Long-term needs are greatest in transport (roughly 96 billion dollars), energy (77 billion euros), housing (77 billion euros), commerce and industry (54 billion dollars), and agriculture (47 billion euros), with Donetsk and Kharkiv requiring substantial reconstruction due to ongoing fighting.