New research indicates that wildfire smoke poses a greater risk to brain health compared to other forms of air pollution, particularly in relation to dementia.

The study, which analyzed health records from over 1.2 million Kaiser Permanente members aged 60 and older in Southern California between 2009 and 2019, found a significant correlation between wildfire PM2.5 exposure and dementia diagnoses.

Specifically, researchers found a 21% increase in the odds of dementia for every 1 µg/m3 increase in the three-year average of wildfire PM2.5 concentrations.

In comparison, exposure to non-wildfire PM2.5 was associated with only a 3% increase in dementia risk for the same increase in concentration.

The reasons behind the heightened risk associated with wildfire smoke remain unclear, prompting calls for further research, especially as wildfires become more frequent due to climate change.

Maria Carrillo, chief science officer of the Alzheimer’s Association, emphasized that lower-income populations face greater exposure to unhealthy air and have fewer options to avoid it.

Health officials recommend staying indoors during poor air quality conditions, but many individuals, particularly those working outdoors, may not have this option.

The research highlights the need for targeted resources to mitigate health risks for vulnerable populations affected by wildfire smoke.

Presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in Philadelphia on July 29, 2024, this study is the largest to date examining the impact of wildfire smoke on brain health.

The effects of wildfire smoke exposure were found to be more pronounced among Asian, Black, Latino, and low-income populations, underscoring significant health disparities.

As wildfires become more common, the study raises concerns about the broader health implications for populations across various regions affected by smoke.