Timing of exposure is crucial, as pollutants during key brain development phases pose significant risks to cognitive and social functions.

The study, led by Professor Haitham Amal from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, highlights that critical periods of prenatal development and early childhood are particularly vulnerable to the effects of pollutants.

Environmental toxins can trigger inflammation that disrupts brain areas associated with social and cognitive functions, which are often impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Tiny particulate matter, which is significantly smaller than human hair, can penetrate the fetal brain, potentially leading to long-term changes in brain function and behavior.

The study calls for further investigation into the combined effects of various pollutants during these critical developmental windows to inform effective preventive measures.

PhD student Shashank Ojha, the first author of the study, notes the potential for developing biomarkers to identify at-risk individuals early, as global ASD prevalence is currently estimated at 1-1.5%.

According to the American Lung Association, nearly 40% of Americans live in areas with unhealthy air pollution levels, including pollutants linked to autism risk.

Pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and ozone, produced from burning fossil fuels and chemical plants, contribute to the overall air quality crisis.

The implications of this research underscore the need for urban planning adaptations to protect vulnerable populations and enhance air quality monitoring during prenatal care.

Globally, approximately 1.5% of the population, or up to three in every 200 people, are diagnosed with autism, with recent U.S. statistics showing that 1 in 36 children are affected.

This research raises critical questions regarding protective measures for pregnant women living in areas with high pollution levels.

Recent research has established a concerning link between air pollution exposure during pregnancy and an increased risk of autism in children.