Since the 1950s, plastic production has surged, resulting in widespread pollution across ecosystems, with micro- and nano-plastics now detected even in remote locations such as ocean depths and Himalayan glaciers.

A recent French national study revealed that 75% of soil samples from 33 sites in France were contaminated with microplastics (MPs), highlighting the extent of environmental pollution.

Research conducted by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) found that all beverages sold in France, including those in glass bottles, contained microplastics.

ANSES researchers reported varying levels of microplastics in different beverages, with bottled water containing 2.9 MPs/L, sodas at 31.4 MPs/L, lemonades at 101.5 MPs/L, iced teas at 14.6 MPs/L, beers at 84 MPs/L, and wines at 12.0 MPs/L.

Notably, beverages in glass bottles exhibited higher levels of microplastics compared to those in plastic bottles or cans, with contamination likely stemming from cap materials during storage.

Interestingly, washing caps before sealing bottles can significantly reduce microplastic levels, while the use of cork stoppers in wine bottles helps minimize contamination.

Humans primarily ingest microplastics through contaminated food and drinks, with studies confirming their presence in bottled water, tap water, and a variety of foods including vegetables and meats.

Micro- and nano-plastics have the ability to penetrate various organs, including the lungs and brain, with studies indicating that concentrations in the lungs increase with age, suggesting long-term retention in the body.

Exposure to microplastics has been associated with heightened risks of serious health issues, such as stomach cancer and heart conditions, with over 4,000 hazardous substances linked to their toxicity.

Despite the growing concern, the health risks associated with microplastic consumption remain unclear due to a lack of comprehensive toxicological data.