The White House has brokered a deal with Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk to reduce costs for GLP-1 weight loss drugs Wegovy and Zepbound, potentially expanding access for individuals with diabetes and obesity.

The UC Davis IIFH convened scientists and health experts to explore GLP-1 therapies’ broader implications for food systems, health, and nutrition, signaling a shift toward personalized nutrition and a healthier food system.

GLP-1 receptor agonists, originally developed for type 2 diabetes, are redefining obesity and metabolic health by curbing appetite and boosting satiety, often yielding meaningful weight loss and better glycemic control.

Cardiovascular protection remains a key benefit, with GLP-1 therapies lowering major cardiovascular events, and newer multi-agonist approaches may amplify these heart-related advantages.

Rapid weight loss and nutrient shifts can threaten bone health, especially in older adults and postmenopausal women, underscoring the need for calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, and weight-bearing exercise.

Nutrition and lifestyle guidance during GLP-1 therapy is essential to prevent nutrient deficiencies and maximize long-term health, including smaller, nutrient-dense meals, micronutrient support, hydration, and fiber/probiotics for gut health.

GLP-1 affects multiple systems beyond appetite—slower gastric emptying and microbiome changes in the gut, reduced hunger and altered reward in the brain, and potential lean mass loss in muscles—necessitating exercise and higher protein intake to mitigate risks.

Researchers emphasize a gut-brain-muscle-bone axis in GLP-1 effects, arguing for integrated strategies—precision nutrition and targeted exercise—to sustain benefits and minimize adverse effects.