Researchers have achieved a major breakthrough in banana genetics by successfully mapping the genome and identifying 62 key trait loci (QTLs) linked to crucial agronomic traits such as yield, plant structure, and fruit quality.

The research team developed a new Kc model that enhanced the detection of QTLs by eliminating structurally rearranged chromosomes, which had previously obscured genetic associations.

To uncover these traits, the study analyzed over 2,700 triploid banana hybrids, employing a high-resolution SNP dataset alongside an adapted genome-wide association study (GWAS) model.

Among the findings, genomic hotspots were highlighted that control multiple traits, presenting opportunities for multitrait selection in banana breeding programs.

Notably, several of the identified QTLs showed strong ancestral connections to the banksii group, which may provide beneficial traits for the improvement of bananas.

Banana breeding has traditionally been challenging due to the crop's sterility, long growth cycles, and complex genomic structure, complicating trait identification and limiting genetic diversity.

The research was supported by various institutions, including CIRAD and the French Agricultural Fund, underscoring the importance of addressing genetic challenges in bananas for future food security.

Published in Horticulture Research, the study provides a roadmap for future banana breeding efforts and suggests that the Kc model could be applied to other crops with complex genomes.