Recent advances in high-throughput genome editing tools, including saturation mutagenesis, prime editing, and base editing, are revolutionizing the ability to make precise, large-scale genetic modifications.

These cutting-edge methods are being applied across various fields, from dissecting regulatory DNA elements and enhancer activity to mapping variant effects in human cells and studying mutational processes in cancer, especially involving TP53 mutations.

A major focus is on improving editing efficiency, specificity, and variant interpretation, which are crucial for biomedical research, disease modeling, and developing therapies, with technological progress documented from 2009 through 2024.

Deep mutational scanning techniques play a vital role in assessing protein functions on a large scale, with foundational studies from 2011 and 2014 underpinning these efforts.

Activity-based selection methods are being utilized to enhance base editor mutational scanning, further advancing protein engineering and functional analysis.