Age-related diseases are becoming a significant public health issue, with the World Health Organization forecasting that the population aged 60 and older will double by 2050, thereby increasing the prevalence of metabolic disorders.

There exists a complex bidirectional relationship between aging and LD accumulation, where aging promotes the buildup of LDs, which in turn accelerates the aging process.

Lipid droplets are composed of a neutral lipid core encased in a phospholipid monolayer, along with associated proteins that regulate their formation, breakdown, and transport.

Currently, there are no specific drugs targeting LDs for the treatment of ARMDs, highlighting the urgent need for further research into the role of lipid metabolism in these conditions.

In the early stages of these diseases, LDs may provide protective benefits; however, their excessive accumulation in later stages can exacerbate disease conditions.

Future therapeutic strategies may focus on regulating LD-associated proteins to effectively manage lipid levels and combat metabolic diseases.

Exercise and dietary interventions have proven effective in managing ARMDs by preventing LD accumulation, enhancing lipophagy, and improving metabolic homeostasis, especially in conditions like NAFLD.

Given their crucial role in cellular metabolism and energy storage, lipid droplets are being explored as potential therapeutic targets for age-related metabolic diseases.

Research is examining the relationship between lipid droplets (LDs) and various age-related metabolic diseases (ARMDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease, sarcopenia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic cardiomyopathy, and cancer.