The Norwegian model has inspired resource-rich nations worldwide to establish transparent, diversified, and disciplined sovereign wealth funds, with ongoing adaptations to global changes reinforcing its reputation as a successful resource management system.

The fund’s investment strategy emphasizes broad global diversification, with over 70% allocated to equities, around 27% to fixed income, and smaller holdings in unlisted real estate and renewable energy infrastructure, spanning more than 70 countries to mitigate risks.

Looking ahead to 2026, Norway plans to increase fund spending to support economic stabilization, infrastructure, social programs, and renewable energy investments, all while maintaining fiscal discipline within the 3% rule.

Since 1998, the fund has achieved an annualized real return of approximately 5.9%, significantly exceeding its conservative 3% spending target, thanks in part to its passive, index-based investment approach with low management costs.

Norway's Government Pension Fund Global, established in 1990, is now valued at approximately $1.7 trillion USD in 2025, making it the world's largest sovereign wealth fund and exemplifying disciplined resource management.

This fund's stability supports Norway’s petroleum industry by enabling consistent investments in production capacity and infrastructure, which enhances Europe's energy security amid geopolitical tensions like the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

Norway has adjusted its spending rule from 4% in 2001 to 3% in 2017, reflecting evolving economic conditions and expert advice aimed at ensuring the fund’s long-term sustainability in a low global interest rate environment.

Norway’s ethical investment framework excludes over 100 companies based on human rights, environmental, and conduct standards, influencing global corporate governance and promoting responsible business practices.

The Norwegian model separates petroleum revenues from government spending, limiting expenditures to about 3% of the fund’s value annually, which has helped avoid resource curse effects and foster long-term economic stability.

The fund serves as Norway’s primary economic buffer, contributing 15-25% of government expenditures, enabling counter-cyclical fiscal measures during downturns and supporting a comprehensive welfare system.

The fund’s large size impacts global markets by stabilizing sectors and influencing corporate governance through active ownership, with a focus on climate risk management and investments in renewable energy to facilitate the energy transition.