Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, often complicated by conditions like diabetes and heart disease.

Pediatric MS, accounting for up to 5% of all MS cases, tends to be more active and allows for quicker recovery from attacks compared to adult MS.

While there is currently no cure for MS, recent advancements in treatment options have emerged, particularly for pediatric patients.

Treatment options for MS include daily pills, self-administered injections, and intravenous infusions, with a few medications now licensed for pediatric use.

Recent approvals of medications like fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, and teriflunomide have expanded treatment options for pediatric-onset MS, which previously relied on off-label use.

Studies show that early treatment with agents such as ocrelizumab and natalizumab significantly reduces disability progression compared to delayed treatment.

Starting treatment early can reduce the risk of progressing to higher levels of disability by up to 97%.

Research presented at the ECTRIMS 2024 conference indicates that early initiation of monoclonal antibody treatments in children leads to reduced disability in early adulthood.

A UK cohort study found that 94% of children treated with ocrelizumab showed no evidence of disease activity, marking a significant shift in pediatric MS management.

Concerns have been raised regarding complications such as hypogammaglobulinemia and vaccination efficacy in children on anti-CD20 therapies, necessitating careful monitoring.

Adrienne Castillo emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment plans and lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, to improve symptoms and quality of life for MS patients.

The MIND diet, which combines elements of the Mediterranean and DASH diets, is recommended for managing MS symptoms, promoting plant-based meals and healthy fats.