A study showed that long-term exposure to Staphylococcus aureus biofilm secreted factors (SABSFs) causes inflammation in rat nasal mucosa.

The inflammation is characterized by significant T-lymphocytic infiltration and is multifocally distributed.

SABSFs from S. aureus in a patient with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) led to the most severe inflammation and tissue damage.

Inflammation included goblet cell hyperplasia and mast cell infiltration, indicating a robust immune response.

Transcriptomic analysis of the inflamed tissues revealed activation of immune response pathways, especially in CRSwNP and CRSsNP strains.

The research suggests S. aureus could play a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis.