Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, researchers altered gene duplicates to determine their effects on traits such as fruit size and shape, discovering that over half of the genes studied had undergone duplication during evolution.

Previous research has already enabled scientists to engineer tomatoes for improved taste, nutritional value, and size, as well as alterations in ripening rates and color.

Co-lead author Michael Schatz highlighted that gene editing has the potential to revolutionize agriculture, particularly in areas like Africa, where a single seed can lead to significant advancements.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have made significant strides in agricultural genetics by identifying genes that control the size of tomatoes and eggplants, potentially leading to larger and tastier varieties.

The evolution of genetic engineering has progressed from traditional selection methods to advanced genome editing techniques, allowing for precise modifications of specific genes.

Schatz emphasized the importance of collaborative research in advancing agricultural genetics, which benefits not only tomatoes but also African eggplants.

Published in the journal Nature, the findings could greatly impact agriculture by enabling large-scale production in regions where local varieties are currently too small.

The research demonstrates that even small genetic modifications can dramatically influence fruit size and taste, paving the way for a transformation in agricultural practices.

The initiative focuses on mapping the complete genomes of 22 nightshade crops, which will enhance understanding of their genetic traits and support the development of improved varieties.

This study exemplifies the concept of 'pan-genetics,' where examining multiple species together enhances genetic understanding and could lead to the creation of new fruits and flavors globally.

For instance, editing one copy of the CLV3 gene in Australian forest nightshade resulted in larger fruits, while knocking out both copies produced unviable plants.