Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, leading to over 1.3 million deaths annually, as highlighted by a recent study from the University of Turku, Finland.

Understanding gender differences in antibiotic resistance is essential for developing equitable healthcare interventions and addressing health inequalities.

In high-income countries, women exhibited an average of 9% higher total antibiotic resistance gene load than men, suggesting increased exposure to antibiotics or resistant bacteria.

Conversely, men in low- and middle-income countries displayed higher resistance gene loads, influenced by factors such as lifestyle, healthcare access, and biological differences.

The research indicated a correlation between high antibiotic usage and increased resistance gene loads, particularly in low-income countries where poor hygiene and sanitation are prevalent.

The findings underscore the need for careful prescribing practices, as high antibiotic usage correlates with greater gene diversity and load.

Overall, age and geographic location were strongly correlated with the number and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes, particularly high in vulnerable populations.

A comprehensive analysis of gut microbiome data from more than 14,600 individuals across 32 countries revealed complex interactions of gender, age, socio-economic status, and geography on the distribution of antibiotic resistance.

Additionally, women in high-income countries showed a broader diversity of resistance genes compared to men, indicating variations in gut microbiota.

The study also found that resistance gene levels are significantly higher among infants and the elderly, highlighting the vulnerability of these age groups.

As individuals reach adulthood, differences in antibiotic resistance become more pronounced, shaped by environmental and healthcare-related factors.

Researchers advocate for targeted strategies to combat antibiotic resistance, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this escalating public health crisis.