Researchers have used CRISPR gene editing to create pigs resistant to classical swine fever by modifying the DNAJC14 gene, which is essential for the replication of pestiviruses, including CSF.

In experimental tests, these genetically modified pigs showed no symptoms or detectable virus in their blood, unlike control pigs that exhibited typical disease signs.

While promising, the research team notes that ethical, legal, and safety considerations must be addressed before this technology can be commercially applied to livestock.

Future studies aim to confirm whether the resistance traits are heritable across generations, which would eliminate the need for repeated treatments or vaccinations.

Regulatory hurdles currently prevent the sale of gene-edited pork in the European Union, although the United States has approved such animals, including pigs resistant to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in 2025.

This breakthrough is the first to demonstrate resistance to CSF through gene editing, potentially reducing reliance on costly vaccines and large-scale culling during outbreaks.

Classical swine fever remains a significant threat, with outbreaks historically causing large-scale culling, such as in the Netherlands in the 1990s, and ongoing issues in countries like China, Russia, and Brazil.

Current control measures rely heavily on labor-intensive, live-virus vaccines that restrict trade and pose risks if vaccination efforts are disrupted, making gene editing a promising alternative.

Preliminary observations indicate no adverse effects in the resistant pigs, but further research is needed to assess long-term safety and animal welfare, especially as traditional breeding does not typically prioritize welfare.

The resistance conferred by the DNAJC14 gene modification appears stable across species, but long-term studies are necessary to confirm its durability and safety.

This research marks a significant milestone in combating CSF, with implications for reducing disease impact and decreasing dependence on traditional vaccines, which are costly and labor-intensive.

The same gene involved in CSF virus replication could be targeted in other livestock, such as cattle and sheep, to develop resistance against related pestiviruses like bovine viral diarrhea and border disease.

Researchers are exploring whether similar gene edits could confer resistance in cattle and sheep, which are also affected by pestiviruses, to improve livestock health and productivity.