Mysterious Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Challenges Comet Science with Unusual Activity and Composition

October 11, 2025
Mysterious Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Challenges Comet Science with Unusual Activity and Composition
  • Interstellar object 3I/ATLAS exhibits a unique composition, with a high ratio of carbon dioxide to water and unusual chemical signatures, indicating its interstellar origin.

  • This water outpouring at such a distance hints at alternative processes beyond solar sublimation, implying the comet may have substantial water reserves and other unknown activity mechanisms.

  • Astronomers believe 3I/ATLAS originated from the Milky Way's center, likely ejected from its original star system billions of years ago, making it a relic from an earlier cosmic era.

  • Recent analysis using NASA's Swift telescope reveals 3I/ATLAS is releasing large quantities of water vapor, indicated by ultraviolet emissions of hydroxyl gas, which is unusual at its current distance.

  • Currently, 3I/ATLAS is behind the Sun but has been observed by spacecraft near Mars, with visibility expected to improve in late November.

  • Despite being about three astronomical units from the Sun, 3I/ATLAS is ejecting water at roughly 88 pounds per second, a rate that suggests activity driven by mechanisms other than solar heating.

  • These findings highlight that interstellar objects like 3I/ATLAS are expanding our understanding of planetary system diversity and challenging previous assumptions about comet formation and composition.

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