President Donald Trump, known for his confrontational stance on China during his first term, appears to be softening his approach in his second term as he pursues a trade deal with Beijing, raising concerns among China hawks in Washington.

Recent diplomatic moves, including a phone call with Chinese leader Xi Jinping and plans to meet in South Korea and Beijing early next year, suggest a potential thaw in US-China relations.

Despite claims of toughness through tariffs and export controls, critics argue that recent policies and personnel changes indicate a more conciliatory approach, which could impact US national security and technological competitiveness.

Trump's strategic focus seems aimed at leveraging China's economic power, especially considering its influence in global markets and its ability to sway Western industries through exports of commodities like rare earths.

This approach reflects an understanding that economic interdependence with China may require pragmatic diplomacy, even as some experts warn that softening policies could have long-term strategic consequences.

Experts emphasize that the US-China economic relationship is critical, particularly in sectors like AI, chips, and cybersecurity, and that a more accommodating stance might undermine US strategic interests.

The evolving US-China policy balances economic interests, national security, and diplomacy, with concerns that concessions could weaken US positions in key technological and security areas.

Some tech investors, including Nvidia's Jensen Huang, argue that fostering dependence of China on American technology could be beneficial for the US, as it limits China's market power and influence.

This perspective is contrasted by critics who believe that a softer approach and increased cooperation might undermine US technological dominance and security.

Despite claims of maintaining toughness through tariffs and export controls, critics point out that recent policy shifts and personnel changes suggest a move towards more engagement, raising concerns about national security.

Key issues such as TikTok ownership, tariffs, export restrictions, Taiwan, and China's support for Russia remain unresolved, complicating efforts for genuine rapprochement.

Within the US government, there is an internal debate, with some figures like Nvidia's Huang criticizing hawks, while others like Steve Bannon advocate for a hardline stance, reflecting the ongoing tension over how to handle China.

The recent diplomatic developments, including Trump's upcoming visit to Beijing, indicate a possible shift towards more pragmatic relations, despite ongoing concerns about China's strategic challenges.