Western Sahara remains a central, unresolved issue, with Morocco asserting sovereignty and the Algeria-backed Polisario Front seeking independence, a tension shaping EU-Morocco ties.

A commitment to strengthen civil protection includes joint exercises, disaster risk assessment, and a shared disaster management mechanism.

Future work will expand to education, culture, sports, science and AI, cybersecurity, environment, energy transition, and sustainable development.

In Madrid, Morocco and Spain signed a broad package of cooperation during the 13th High-Level Meeting led by Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and Moroccan Head of Government Aziz Akhannouch, spanning foreign policy, economy, justice, transportation, agriculture, fisheries, education, science, sports, and sustainable mobility.

The talks framed Spain as a bridge linking Europe with Latin America and Africa, with Morocco positioned as a platform for African investment and regional integration.

MOUs cover digitalization of public administrations, tax modernization, social protection, cultural and educational initiatives, sports cooperation, hate-speech prevention, agriculture and fisheries innovation, water management, and seismic research.

Security and counterterrorism remain a priority with new joint initiatives under the Global Forum on Terrorism, enhanced intelligence sharing, and NATO-related collaboration.

Cooperation in civil aviation, maritime safety, capacity building, pollution prevention, energy transition, and comprehensive migration programs under frameworks like Marrakech Pact and Rabat Process.

Mobility and infrastructure, including cross-border transport, were central to the discussions.

In justice, an MoU enables electronic exchange of international legal assistance requests and a joint working group will assess digital submission needs.

An agroecology-focused MoU promotes farm modernization, food security, training, and technical exchanges for sustainable agriculture.

Both nations reaffirm a strong bilateral relationship with a forward-looking agenda on education, culture, science, climate action, energy transition, and regional stability.