India and Pakistan have recently escalated tensions through multi-dimensional warfare, marked by the initiation of 'Operation Sindoor' by India and 'Operation Bunyan-un-Marsus' by Pakistan.

This current conflict period ignited following the Pahalgam attack on April 22, 2025, which resulted in 26 deaths, leading to active combat from May 7 to May 10.

The psychological impact of the conflict has been profound, with reports indicating widespread fear and trauma among civilians in both nations.

Amidst the conflict, Indian media has faced criticism for disseminating disinformation, which has contributed to public anxiety, while many Pakistanis express pride in their military despite economic concerns.

The historical backdrop of this conflict includes long-standing issues related to Jammu and Kashmir, water resources, and military confrontations between the two countries.

In retaliation for the Pahalgam attack, India accused Pakistan of terrorism and suspended the Indus Water Treaty of 1960, significantly heightening water insecurity for Pakistan.

The Indus Water Treaty has historically been vital for managing shared water resources, essential for Pakistan's agriculture, and its suspension poses a severe threat to the country's survival.

During the combat phase, India executed missile strikes under Operation Sindoor, which targeted civilian areas in Pakistan, resulting in 31 civilian casualties and numerous injuries.

Conversely, Pakistan's Operation Bunyan-un-Marsus aimed at military targets while adhering to international humanitarian law, ensuring no civilian casualties.

In light of these tensions, the concept of human security, as articulated by Dr. Mahboob-ul-Haq, emphasizes prioritizing individual safety and well-being over traditional state security.

Pakistan's National Security Policy for 2022-2026 incorporates a human security approach, highlighting the need to evaluate its implementation amidst ongoing warfare.

To address the complexities of the conflict, a human security framework is proposed as a comprehensive strategy to analyze current warfare and its implications for future peace and security in South Asia.