From 2023 to 2025, the number of states considering proof-of-citizenship measures tripled, yet few new laws have been enacted as most proposals have stalled in Republican-controlled states like Florida, Missouri, Texas, and Utah.

Concerns about the potential for disenfranchisement have led some Republican lawmakers to reconsider their support for proof-of-citizenship proposals.

While noncitizen voting is illegal and rare, proponents of proof-of-citizenship mandates, including Trump and his allies, claim these measures would enhance public confidence in elections.

In Texas, a Senate bill aimed at applying proof-of-citizenship requirements to all 18.6 million registered voters failed to progress before the legislative session concluded.

In New Hampshire, the implementation of a proof-of-citizenship law has raised similar concerns for married women regarding matching identification documents.

Similarly, in Missouri, a proposed proof-of-citizenship bill did not advance this year due to the prioritization of other election-related legislation and concerns from local election officials.

Voting rights advocates argue that proof-of-citizenship proposals are burdensome and could disenfranchise millions of Americans, especially those without easy access to necessary documents like birth certificates or passports.

In Ohio, a proof-of-citizenship proposal remains active, but Governor Mike DeWine has expressed reluctance to endorse measures that could hinder voting access.

Concerns have been raised about the impact of proof-of-citizenship laws on married women who have changed their last names, potentially leading to disenfranchisement.

States with existing proof-of-citizenship laws, such as Arizona and Kansas, have encountered implementation challenges and legal complications that affect voter registration.

A federal judge has blocked Trump's executive order requiring proof of citizenship for federal elections, and there is insufficient support in the Senate for related legislation.

Kansas previously enforced a proof-of-citizenship requirement for three years until it was overturned by federal courts, with estimates suggesting many U.S. citizens were prevented from registering during that period.