The U.S. POINTER study, the largest randomized clinical trial in the U.S. focused on lifestyle interventions to protect cognitive function, involved over 2,100 participants aged 60 to 79, with a significant portion from underrepresented populations.

Participants were divided into two groups: one received structured support through 38 team meetings focused on exercise, diet, socialization, and cognitive training, while the other followed a self-guided approach with minimal support.

The study demonstrated that healthier lifestyle choices, such as physical activity and a balanced diet, can slow cognitive decline, making participants' brain test scores resemble those of younger individuals.

Researchers plan to monitor participants for an additional four years to assess the long-term effects of these lifestyle changes on cognitive health, emphasizing that maintaining brain health requires ongoing effort.

Participants like Phyllis Jones reported significant improvements in cognitive and emotional health, although some faced challenges in maintaining their new habits after the structured program ended.

Experts noted that while moderate lifestyle changes can benefit those at risk for dementia, more intensive interventions may be necessary for individuals already showing early-stage Alzheimer's symptoms.

Despite improvements in cognitive scores, some experts expressed concern that the differences may not be noticeable to participants or their families, given the gradual progression of dementia.

After two years, the structured group improved their cognitive scores by 0.24 standard deviations, while the self-guided group improved by 0.21 standard deviations, indicating a small but significant difference in effectiveness.

Key components of the program included regular exercise, adherence to the MIND diet, monitoring vital signs, brain training activities, and enhanced socialization to combat isolation.

The study collected extensive data on exercise habits, diet adherence, and cognitive performance, although it acknowledged limitations such as the practice effect in cognitive testing.

Laura Baker, the study's lead, emphasized the importance of healthy behaviors for cognitive health and is exploring whether these strategies could reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.

Experts emphasize the significance of a holistic approach to brain health, combining social engagement with diet and exercise as crucial elements.