A new study finds that individuals with high ADHD trait scores at age 10 have about 14 percent higher odds of reporting two or more physical health problems by midlife (age 46), with midlife prevalence of two or more conditions at 42 percent among those with high ADHD traits versus 37 percent without.

Experts say that impulse control difficulties, reward seeking, and social disadvantages tied to ADHD may contribute to poorer long‑term health outcomes.

The researchers note that the findings build on prior work suggesting reduced life expectancy for adults diagnosed with ADHD, although that earlier finding was not part of this analysis.

The study calls for improved recognition, tailored adult ADHD support, and public health strategies for screening and ongoing health monitoring.

Notably, the link between childhood ADHD traits and midlife physical disability appears stronger in women than in men, suggesting gender differences in impact or reporting.

The association appears partly explained by higher rates of mental health issues, higher body mass index, and increased smoking among people with ADHD, along with stress, adverse life events, and less timely healthcare access.

Authors advocate for better access to diagnosis and support for people with ADHD to potentially reduce long‑term health risks.

Lead author Dr. Amber John stresses ADHD is a diverse condition and highlights timely diagnosis and appropriate support to improve both physical and mental health outcomes.

The study was published in JAMA Network Open on January 21, 2026, with DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.54802.

This study’s publication in JAMA Network Open aligns with earlier work from the same group hinting at shorter life expectancy for adults with ADHD, but the current analysis does not address that outcome.