Researchers at Kerala University have developed a lead-free perovskite solar cell design that swaps toxic lead for a tin–rubidium–cesium mix to boost environmental sustainability and performance.

The new blueprint aims to maintain high efficiency while removing lead-related environmental risks if panels are damaged.

Using tin, rubidium, and cesium, the design addresses environmental concerns linked to traditional silicon and lead-based solar technologies.

Professor Jayakrishnan R. highlights that policy support could help power homes and advance Kerala’s sustainable, self-reliant future.

The breakthrough originated from MSc student Sooraj S.’s dissertation, with contributions from Adithya Nath R and Arya Narayanan, and was published in ACS Applied Engineering Materials.

The technology is liquid-processed and compatible with advanced printing techniques, making it affordable and scalable for small- and medium-sized enterprises and suitable for decentralised solar manufacturing in Kerala.

Macro benefits include reducing dependence on imports, creating high-value local jobs, and retaining talent through homegrown innovation.

The approach aligns with Kerala’s Net-Zero 2050 goals by offering space-efficient, high-efficiency rooftop solar solutions for land-constrained areas.

The study details were published in ACS Applied Engineering Materials on April 13, 2026.