Officials insist that approvals comply with law and could be reconsidered if new security risks, particularly national security, are identified.

Germany remains vigilant about hybrid warfare and security threats linked to Russia, with the decision reflecting tensions between energy security and sovereignty.

The approval comes with strict security conditions, including limited access for Russian personnel, external verification of equipment, separation of Russian technology from plant IT, and regular security training for staff.

Germany’s Lower Saxony granted approval for ANF, Framatome’s subsidiary, to produce nuclear reactor fuel at a facility in Lingen near the Dutch border through cooperation with Russia’s Rosatom, a move critics call controversial given Moscow’s war and security concerns.

Authorities say the decision follows nuclear law, is backed by extensive safety reviews, and can be re-evaluated if new risks emerge, including national security threats.

The federal government notes reservations but argues sanctions and security policy should be addressed at the EU level, with calls for EU-wide restrictions in the nuclear sector.

Citizen initiatives and environmental groups warned of risks such as espionage or sabotage, while ministry reviews stressed safety and internal/external security considerations.

Green Party leaders and others argue the project increases Europe’s dependence on Russia and funds the war effort, calling the approval irresponsible.

Opposition from CDU figures and environmental groups, who warn the deal is dangerous and should be reversed or subjected to stronger scrutiny.

Permissions were issued only after ensuring all requirements are met and risks are controllable, with the possibility of revisiting the authorization if new risks arise, including security concerns.

CDU security-focused lawmakers, including Marc Henrichmann, warned about security risks and urged EU-wide attention to Rosatom collaboration.

Critics question cooperation with a Russian state-owned entity and warn it could have broader security implications.