The FDA's approval of mFLUSIVA marks a milestone, signaling that the mRNA platform can extend well beyond COVID-19 into broader infectious disease, cancer immunotherapy, and rare genetic disorder applications, with further research anticipated.

mRNA vaccines work by delivering a temporary blueprint that teaches cells to produce an antigen, triggering antibody production and immune memory without entering the cell nucleus or altering DNA, and they are designed to degrade after serving their purpose.

Public skepticism persists around mRNA vaccines, fueled by misinformation about DNA changes, tracking devices, and fertility effects; rigorous trials, ongoing safety monitoring, and clear communication are essential defenses against misinformation.

At the UCSC RNA Center, co-directed by Sanford, research into RNA structure, modifications, translation, and diagnostics supports next‑generation RNA medicines, with the RNA Futures Meeting held from August 18–21, 2026.

In adults 50 and older, Moderna’s mFLUSIVA influenza trial showed the vaccine reduced influenza cases more effectively than a licensed comparator, with particularly strong results in ages 50–64, underscoring the speed advantages of mRNA design.

A UCSC interview with Professor Jeremy Sanford clarifies how mRNA vaccines work and what Moderna’s mFLUSIVA approval means for the field.

Beyond vaccines, the article highlights mRNA’s broad potential to instruct cells to produce various proteins for therapies, including genetic disease treatments and personalized cancer vaccines, with ongoing RNA biology and translational research needed to improve precision and durability.