The European Commission has initiated investigations into Alphabet, Apple, and Meta for possible violations of the Digital Markets Act.

The inquiries are examining Meta's 'pay or consent' model, Alphabet's 'self-preferencing' practices, Apple's user choice limitations, and app store policies.

These investigations coincide with a $45 billion market loss for the three tech giants, with Apple being the most affected.

The Department of Justice's recent antitrust lawsuit against Apple adds to the company's regulatory pressures.

The European Commission can levy fines up to 10% of a firm's total global turnover if they are found to be in breach of the DMA.

The DMA's enforcement aims to reduce the dominance of big tech companies, fostering a more competitive market that benefits consumers and smaller businesses.

Other major tech firms like Amazon, Microsoft, and ByteDance are also under similar scrutiny by the European Commission.