Apple has released second betas of iOS 17.5 and iPadOS 17.5, accommodating the EU's Digital Markets Act.

EU app developers can now offer direct downloads from their websites, a shift from previous App Store exclusivity.

AltStore PAL, created by Riley Testut, is the EU's first alternative app marketplace for indie developers.

AltStore PAL provides a decentralized platform for app distribution, challenging Apple's App Store rules.

The platform is open-source and free for distribution, but imposes a fee on apps exceeding one million first-year installs.

Apple has revised its App Store guidelines, allowing retro game console emulators following the EU's new legislation.

These developments may influence mobile app ecosystem reforms beyond the EU.