In 2024, tuberculosis (TB) cases in England rose by 13%, totaling 5,480 cases compared to 4,850 in 2023.

Despite being classified as a low-incidence country, England's TB notification rate increased from 8.5 to 9.5 cases per 100,000 people.

A significant 81.5% of TB notifications in 2024 were among individuals born outside the UK, underscoring the connection between TB and urban deprivation.

TB is particularly prevalent in large urban areas, with higher rates observed among individuals experiencing homelessness and substance dependency.

Dr. Esther Robinson from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) highlighted the importance of awareness regarding TB symptoms, especially for those from high-prevalence countries.

Individuals from high-risk countries planning to stay in the UK for more than six months are required to undergo a TB test as part of their visa application.

London reported the highest number of TB cases in 2024, with 1,877 notifications, while the West Midlands experienced the fastest growth.

Areas such as Brent, Ealing, Harrow, and Slough reported significant TB rates, exceeding 30 cases per 100,000 population.

Common symptoms of TB include a persistent cough lasting more than three weeks, night sweats, weight loss, and fever.

The warning about rising TB cases comes as the NHS faces increased pressure from norovirus hospitalizations, which have surged this winter.

This increase in TB cases indicates that England is falling short of the World Health Organization's target of a 90% reduction in TB cases by 2035.

TB is preventable and curable with appropriate antibiotic treatment, and individuals experiencing symptoms are urged to consult their GP.