This executive order, described as one of the most significant in U.S. history, faced immediate legal challenges after its announcement in March 2025.

While the White House previously argued the executive order was lawful, it did not comment on the ruling following the judge's decision.

A federal judge has blocked significant portions of President Trump's executive order aimed at reforming federal elections, specifically the requirement for proof of U.S. citizenship to register to vote.

The ruling was welcomed by attorneys general from California and New York, who emphasized the importance of free elections and criticized Trump's attempts to undermine them.

This decision highlights the ongoing tensions between the Trump administration and Democratic officials regarding voting rights and election integrity.

Nineteen Democratic-led states, including California and New York, challenged Trump's directive, while the White House defended it as a necessary measure for 'free, fair, and honest elections.'

Legal experts argue that the executive order exceeds Trump's authority, as the Constitution grants states the power to regulate elections, with Congress having limited intervention powers.

The ruling clarifies that Election Day statutes require votes to be cast by Election Day, not necessarily received by that date, allowing states to continue counting mail-in ballots.

The order also threatened to penalize states by risking federal funding if they failed to comply with new mail-in ballot deadlines, which could disenfranchise voters in states like Oregon and Washington.

The lawsuit challenging the executive order was filed by a coalition of 15 states, including California, Nevada, and Massachusetts, emphasizing the need for accessible voting procedures.

Judge Charles Breyer's ruling not only blocks the executive order but also strengthens state officials' control over their election procedures.

Opponents of the executive order argue that requiring documentary proof of citizenship could deter eligible voters, particularly college students and immigrants without access to necessary identification.