Western security guarantees for Ukraine include military support, training, arms, intelligence sharing, sanctions, economic cooperation, and a potential path to EU accession, though some EU countries remain hesitant about peacekeeping without a clear UN mandate.

European diplomats are focused on securing an immediate ceasefire, with proposals to monitor compliance through drones and enforce consequences for violations, similar to OSZE efforts.

Recently, Russia announced territorial gains in eastern Ukraine, capturing villages and advancing toward strategic locations, indicating ongoing military progress.

There is a division over security guarantees, with Russia emphasizing its inclusion in discussions, while Ukraine insists guarantees must come from countries willing to support it, and China’s potential role remains controversial.

European diplomats see potential in including China and other Global South countries in peacekeeping efforts to increase international acceptance, but concerns about China's motives, including spying and pro-Russian bias, persist.

This consideration by China comes as part of broader international discussions, with China supporting Russia through oil and electronic supplies since the conflict began.

Ukraine emphasizes the need for strong security guarantees backed by international support, citing repeated violations of agreements by Russia.

Russia opposes the stationing of European troops in Ukraine, viewing it as foreign military intervention, which complicates international peace efforts.

Several countries, including the UK, France, and about ten others, are interested in contributing military forces to support a ceasefire, while the US remains opposed to deploying troops directly to Ukraine.

China has indicated it is willing to contribute peacekeeping troops to Ukraine, but only if such a mission is authorized by a United Nations mandate, highlighting its cautious approach amid ongoing conflict.

The US is planning a significant troop reduction in Europe, potentially withdrawing up to 70% of its forces, with some units reassigned domestically, a move that could impact NATO's strategic posture.

Despite its support for Russia, China maintains a partnership through oil and electronic component supplies, and its role in Ukraine remains a point of international debate.