The push to merge Vietnam’s top two roles would be a major shift from the country’s traditional power-sharing model, where the presidency has long been separate and the military holds it.

If successful, Lam could relinquish the presidency from the military and gain autonomy over military promotions, signaling a profound change in how power is balanced.

Merging the two roles would mark a rare, historically used move—last seen briefly in 2024 when Lam held both roles for about three months.

Vietnam’s Communist Party congress opens with about 1,600 delegates in Hanoi on January 19 to elect the new central committee, a process that could reshape endorsments of prior decisions.

Observers debate the merits: some argue the consolidation could accelerate economic reform and raise Vietnam’s international standing, while skeptics warn it could broaden security powers for a standout leader.

Discussions about merging the party and state roles are underway ahead of the congress, with insiders confirming the topic is being actively considered.

Three sources say Lam won preliminary party backing for the presidency, while others offer mixed indicators; the final decision rests with delegates at the congress.

Other reports show officials backing his continued party leadership but mixed views on also naming him president; the ultimate call remains with the delegates.

Pre-congress signals suggest adjustments to economic policy—such as credit growth and a high-speed railway—under Lam’s first term, hinting at political recalibration before the congress.

Early concessions include revisions or hurdles to controversial economic initiatives pursued during Lam’s first term, indicating a potential shift in policy direction.

Analysts warn that unifying the roles could expand Lam’s authority and alter the traditional balance between the party, state, and military, with implications for governance.

Supporters argue a merged leadership would streamline Vietnam’s political structure, mirror models in other communist states, and strengthen Lam’s reform agenda and international stature.