Jadarite, a rare mineral discovered in 2004 by Rio Tinto in Serbia's Jadar Basin, has the potential to meet up to 90% of Europe's lithium demand for electric vehicles.

Rich in lithium and boron, jadarite is essential for batteries and various industrial applications, including solar panels.

The mineral's lithium content is easier to extract compared to the more commonly used spodumene, making it a promising resource for the green energy sector.

Currently, Serbia's Jadar Basin is the only known source of jadarite, and researchers are hopeful about discovering more deposits or replicating its formation conditions in the lab.

The rarity of jadarite is due to its specific geological formation requirements, where even slight deviations in temperature or acidity can prevent its formation.

Jadarite forms under very specific geological conditions involving alkaline-rich terminal lakes and lithium-rich volcanic glass, which are not replicated elsewhere on Earth.

Researchers from the Natural History Museum in London have uncovered the precise environmental conditions necessary for jadarite's formation, emphasizing its extreme rarity.

Dr. Francesco Putzolu, a lead researcher, likened the formation of jadarite to baking a cake, highlighting the need for exact conditions.

Currently, about 100,000 tonnes of lithium are produced annually, which only meets 20% of the projected demand as countries transition from petrol and diesel vehicles.

While jadarite mining could significantly enhance green energy development in Europe, researchers are also exploring alternative energy methods such as fusion energy and space-based solar power stations.

Jadarite's unique properties and high lithium content have drawn comparisons to kryptonite from the Superman franchise, generating significant media interest.

The mineral's resemblance to kryptonite has further fueled public fascination since its discovery, adding a pop culture dimension to its scientific significance.