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NIO’s Battery-as-a-Service and swap-station network in Germany and the Nordics illustrate how service-model innovation is shaping Europe-facing EV infrastructure.

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China and the European Union are moving toward a resolution of the dispute over EU imports of Chinese-made electric vehicles, with Brussels preparing guidelines on minimum pricing for Chinese exporters to counter subsidized competition.

The price undertakings must be robust enough to neutralize subsidy effects and deliver an outcome comparable to current anti-subsidy duties that can reach up to about 35%.

The broader backdrop includes subsidies such as government fleet orders, cheap loans, tax breaks, affordable land, and subsidized materials that bolster Chinese BEV manufacturers globally.

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